[108] There are also Christian churches and temples: Coptic Orthodox Church, Coptic Catholic Church (Catholic Church), Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile) (World Communion of Reformed Churches). Drivers tend to be aggressive, but are more courteous at junctions, taking turns going, with police aiding in traffic control of some congested areas. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Land reclamation efforts by the Mamluks and Ottomans further contributed to expansion on the east bank of the river.[91]. The Angolan government is preparing to privatize around 200 companies. [145], Cairo also has many unregistered lead and copper smelters which heavily pollute the city. [32], When the traveller Ibn Battuta first came to Cairo in 1326, he described it as the principal district of Egypt. After the original opera house was destroyed, Cairo was without an opera house for nearly two decades until the opening of the new Cairo Opera House in 1988. Despite being predominantly peaceful in nature, the revolution was not without violent clashes between security forces and protesters, with at least 846 people killed and 6,000 injured. The Mamluks, and the later Ottomans, also built wikalas or caravanserais to house merchants and goods due to the important role of trade and commerce in Cairo's economy. The summer months have high humidity due to its coastal location. There are several other sports teams in the city that participate in several sports including el Gezira Sporting Club, el Shams Club, el Seid Club, Heliopolis Club and several smaller clubs, but the biggest clubs in Egypt (not in area but in sports) are Al Ahly and Al Zamalek. This achievement had also placed the Egyptian football team as the #9 best team in the world's FIFA rankings. [90], Low periods of the Nile during the 11th century continued to add to the landscape of Cairo; a new island, known as Geziret al-Fil, first appeared in 1174, but eventually became connected to the mainland. [86][87] Geologically, Cairo lies on alluvium and sand dunes which date from the quaternary period. While western Cairo is dominated by wide boulevards, open spaces, and modern architecture of European influence, the eastern half, having grown haphazardly over the centuries, is dominated by small lanes, crowded tenements, and Islamic architecture. [136] Egypt still struggles with poverty, with almost half the population living on $2 or less a day. In October 2008, the Egyptian Rugby Federation was officially formed and granted membership into the International Rugby Board. Northern and extreme eastern parts of Cairo, which include satellite towns, are among the most recent additions to the city, as they developed in the late-20th and early-21st centuries to accommodate the city's rapid growth. There are new sports clubs in the area of New Cairo (one hour far from Cairo's down town), these are Al Zohour sporting club, Wadi Degla sporting club and Platinum Club. Influence from modern western society is also evident, with American chains such as McDonald's, Arby's, Pizza Hut, Subway, and Kentucky Fried Chicken being easy to find in central areas.[107]. [102], In March 2015, plans were announced for a yet-unnamed planned city to be built east of Cairo, in an undeveloped area of the Cairo Governorate, which would serve as the administrative and financial capital of Egypt.[84]. ... a Luanda-based airline that operated a repair station. Lead has been shown to cause harm to the central nervous system and neurotoxicity particularly in children. It took four years to build the city, initially known as al-Manṣūriyyah,[24] which was to serve as the new capital of the caliphate. Egypt has seven players in the top ten of the PSA men's world rankings, and three in the women's top ten. More than 50,000 protesters first occupied the square on 25 January, during which the area's wireless services were reported to be impaired. [64] Nevertheless, this led to Egypt's independence in 1922. Some mosques include spolia (often columns or capitals) from earlier buildings built by the Romans, Byzantines, or Copts.[120]. However, the origins of the modern city are generally traced back to a series of settlements in the first millennium. The metropolis began to encroach on the fertile Nile Delta, prompting the government to build desert satellite towns and devise incentives for city-dwellers to move to them.[78]. [120] The areas around the old walled city and around the Citadel are characterized by hundreds of mosques, tombs, madrasas, mansions, caravanserais, and fortifications dating from the Islamic era and are often referred to as "Islamic Cairo", especially in English travel literature. [29] During his reign, Saladin constructed the Cairo Citadel, which served as the seat of the Egyptian government until the mid-19th century. But officials in Madrid fear that the fallout of lockdowns in jobs and the shockwaves of the global economic slump could send even more Africans on the perilous journey to European shores, many of them via Spain. At 187 metres (614 feet), it is 44 metres (144 feet) higher than the Great Pyramid of Giza, which stands some 15 kilometres (9 miles) to the southwest. Cairo held its first international film festival 16 August 1976, when the first Cairo International Film Festival was launched by the Egyptian Association of Film Writers and Critics, headed by Kamal El-Mallakh. Being at the heart of Cairo, the square witnessed several major protests over the years. Greater Cairo's volatile aromatic hydrocarbon levels are higher than many other similar cities. [45], Under the Ottomans, Cairo expanded south and west from its nucleus around the Citadel. [131] It is still occupied by the military today, but is now open as a tourist attraction comprising, notably, the National Military Museum, the 14th century Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad, and the 19th century Mosque of Muhammad Ali which commands a dominant position on Cairo's skyline. (A caravanserai is a hotel for traders, and usually the focal point for any surrounding area.) Learn more about our apps In 1169, Saladin was appointed as the new vizier of Egypt by the Fatimids and two years later he seized power from the family of the last Fatimid caliph, al-'Āḍid. He noted that producing goods in Angola would give Spanish companies a competitive edge in exporting to the rest of Africa. Many of Cairo's oldest Coptic churches, including the Hanging Church, are located along the fortress walls in a section of the city known as Coptic Cairo. However, the most notable event in the square was being the focal point of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution against former president Hosni Mubarak. The Association ran the festival for seven years until 1983. This was al-Qatta'i ("the Quarters"), to the north of Fustat and closer to the river. In 1992, Cairo was hit by an earthquake causing 545 deaths, injuring 6,512 and leaving around 50,000 people homeless.[79]. [76] The British departed Cairo following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, but the city's rapid growth showed no signs of abating. Among its most famous collections on display are the finds from the tomb of Tutankhamun. MADRID (AP) — Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is on a mini-tour to two African nations that are key in the European country’s new push to bolster ties with the neighboring continent and mitigate the migration flows that many fear could increase as a consequence of the coronavirus pandemic. For nearly 200 years after Cairo was established, the administrative centre of Egypt remained in Fustat. But the last attempt by the two leaders to meet, in December, was called off with officials citing the coronavirus pandemic as the main reason. Because of this, it is difficult to divide Cairo into urban, rural, subdivisions, or to eliminate certain parts of the metropolitan administrative territory on various theme (unofficial statistics and data). [141] The account was founded by student Nadeen Ashraf, who is credited for instigating an iteration of the #MeToo movement in Egypt. In 969, the Fatimid empire ruled over Egypt, and under the rule of Jawhar Al Saqili, a new fortified city northeast of Fustat was established. There is a new Ring Road that surrounds the outskirts of the city, with exits that reach outer Cairo districts. [81] In the following days Tahrir Square continued to be the primary destination for protests in Cairo[82] as it took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday, 25 January 2011 and continued until June 2013. Today, the Egyptian capital has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab world, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, Al-Azhar University. Minor amendments were made later in 1924 and in 1936 - the "Faruq edition" in honour of then ruler, King Faruq. Cairenes can take a standardized test similar to the SAT to be accepted to an institution of higher learning but most children do not finish school and opt to pick up a trade to enter the work force. Nagib Mahfooz novels, all tell great stories about Cairo's deep conflicts. The Headquarters of the Arab League is located in Tahrir Square, near the downtown business district of Cairo. [14][15] Its official name al-Qāhirah  (Arabic: القاهرة‎) means "the Vanquisher" or "the Conqueror", supposedly due to the fact that the planet Mars, an-Najm al-Qāhir (Arabic: النجم القاهر‎, "the Conquering Star"), was rising at the time when the city was founded,[16] possibly also in reference to the much awaited arrival of the Fatimid Caliph Al-Mu'izz who reached Cairo in 973 from Mahdia, the old Fatimid capital. Humberto Delgado Airport (IATA: LIS, ICAO: LPPT), also known simply as Lisbon Airport or Portela Airport, is an international airport located 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast from the city centre of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Originally a tented camp (Fustat signifies "City of Tents") Fustat became a permanent settlement and the first capital of Islamic Egypt. In 750, following the overthrow of the Umayyad caliphate by the Abbasids, the new rulers created their own settlement to the northeast of Fustat which became their capital. Today, the site of Geziret al-Fil is occupied by the Shubra district. Road transport is facilitated by personal vehicles, taxi cabs, privately owned public buses and Cairo microbuses. [37] The city's status was further diminished after Vasco da Gama discovered a sea route around the Cape of Good Hope between 1497 and 1499, thereby allowing spice traders to avoid Cairo. [20] ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ is a popular modern rendering of an Arabic name (others being ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲟⲛ and ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲁ) which has a folk etymology "land of sun". Cairo is considered a World City with a "Beta +" classification according to GaWC.[8]. [58] Isma'il also sought to modernize the city, which was merging with neighbouring settlements, by establishing a public works ministry, bringing gas and lighting to the city, and opening a theatre and opera house. Over the years, the Nile gradually shifted westward, providing the site between the eastern edge of the river and the Mokattam highlands on which the city now stands. [104] Traffic moves at a relatively fluid pace. [19] Some argue that Mistram (Coptic: ⲙⲓⲥⲧⲣⲁⲙ) or Nistram (Coptic: ⲛⲓⲥⲧⲣⲁⲙ) is another Coptic name for Cairo, although others think that it's rather a name of an Abbasid capital Al-Askar. It is estimated that 10,000 to 25,000 people a year in Cairo die due to air pollution-related diseases. Around the turn of the 4th century,[22] as Memphis was continuing to decline in importance,[23] the Romans established a fortress town along the east bank of the Nile. Padilla had worked extensively in Africa. [28] As the first Sultan of Egypt, Saladin established the Ayyubid dynasty, based in Cairo, and aligned Egypt with the Abbasids, who were based in Baghdad. Sánchez has also a pending visit to Morocco, the southern neighbor and a key partner to contain flows of migrants trying to reach European shores through irregular means. (di)Kashromi (Coptic: (ϯ)ⲕⲁϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ) is attested as early as 1211 and is a calque which means "man breaker" ("ⲕⲁϣ-" – to break, "ⲣⲱⲙⲓ" – man) which is akin to Arabic al-Qāhirah . In order to better serve you, We try our best to provide the most convenient and quickest service for Chinese Visa applicants. There are twelve years of standard formal education. The settlement that was formally named Cairo (Arabic: al-Qahira) was founded to the northeast of Fustat in 959 AD by the victorious Fatimid army. If you are traveling with checked luggage and have a connecting flight in Brazil, the United States or Canada, be sure to collect your luggage for customs control in these countries. The European leader, who is traveling with representatives of a dozen Spanish companies, is scheduled to hold talks with Senegal’s Macky Sall in Dakar on Friday. Cairo's population has doubled since the 1960s, reaching close to seven million (with an additional ten million in its urban area). Greater Cairo has long been the hub of education and educational services for Egypt and the region. In a televised statement Thursday after his meeting with Sánchez, Lourenço said there were opportunities for Spanish investments in such areas as agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, textiles, and the pharmaceutical sector. This achievement lead to the President of the Festival again contacting the FIAPF with the request that a competition should be included at the 1991 Festival. Check-in online – At www.airnamibia.com.na, click on the “Check-in” tab, next to Book Online.You have a choice of three languages (English, Portuguese and German) to check-in yourself. The great majority of publishing houses and media outlets and nearly all film studios are there, as are half of the nation's hospital beds and universities. [25] When Caliph al-Mu'izz li Din Allah arrived from the old Fatimid capital of Mahdia in Tunisia in 973, he gave the city its present name, Qāhirat al-Mu'izz ("The Vanquisher of al-Mu'izz").[24]. Following the Muslim conquest in AD 640, the conqueror Amr ibn As settled to the north of the Babylon in an area that became known as al-Fustat. A rebellion in 869 by Ahmad ibn Tulun led to the abandonment of Al Askar and the building of another settlement, which became the seat of government. 30°3′29″N 31°13′44″E / 30.05806°N 31.22889°E / 30.05806; 31.22889, This article is about the Egyptian capital. Because of the influx of people into the city, lone standing houses are rare, and apartment buildings accommodate for the limited space and abundance of people. Government statistics consider that the whole governorate is urban and the whole governorate is treated like as the metropolitan-city of Cairo. The low periods created another island at the turn of the 14th century that now composes Zamalek and Gezira. I also agree to receiving communications by email, post, SMS or social media about my membership account, offers and news from Qatar Airways and Privilege Club, Privilege Club partner offers and market research from time to … Continuing a practice started by the Ayyubids, much of the land occupied by former Fatimid palaces was sold and replaced by newer buildings. [17] The location of the ancient city of Heliopolis is the suburb of Ain Shams (Arabic: عين شمس‎, "Eye of the Sun"). Cairo failed at the applicant stage when bidding for the 2008 Summer Olympics, which was hosted in Beijing, China. [32] The city's economic centre quickly moved west toward the Nile, away from the historic Islamic Cairo section and toward the contemporary, European-style areas built by Isma'il. [144], In recent years, a black cloud (as Egyptians refer to it) of smog has appeared over Cairo every autumn due to temperature inversion. Most of the sports federations of the country are also located in the city suburbs, including the Egyptian Football Association. [107] The restaurant scene includes traditional Middle Eastern cuisine as well as local staples such as kushari. Nationalists staged large-scale demonstrations in Cairo in 1919,[32] five years after Egypt had been declared a British protectorate. Cairene merchants were instrumental in bringing goods to the barren Hejaz, especially during the annual hajj to Mecca. It provides a bird's eye view of Cairo to the restaurant patrons. While the Fustat fire successfully protected the city of Cairo, a continuing power struggle between Shawar, King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and the Zengid general Shirkuh led to the downfall of the Fatimid establishment.[27]. The request was granted. Giza has also undergone significant expansion over recent years, and today the city, although still a suburb of Cairo, has a population of 2.7 million. The Mamluk sultans and elites were eager patrons of religious and scholarly life, commonly building religious or funerary complexes whose functions could include a mosque, madrasa, khanqah (for Sufis), a sabil (water dispensary), and a mausoleum for themselves and their families. [133] Today, the Khan el-Khalili is a major tourist attraction and popular stop for tour groups. Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture. The Khedivial Opera House, or Royal Opera House, was the original opera house in Cairo. In 905, the Abbasids re-asserted control of the country and their governor returned to Fustat, razing al-Qatta'i to the ground. The majority of the nation's commerce is generated there, or passes through the city. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 the square became widely known as Tahrir (Liberation) Square, though it was not officially renamed as such until after the 1952 Revolution which eliminated the monarchy. Egypt's Nour El Sherbini has won the Women's World Championship twice and has been women's world number one for 16 consecutive months. It has 136,000 items on display, with many more hundreds of thousands in its basement storerooms. The Citadel is a fortified enclosure begun by Salah al-Din in 1176 AD on an outcrop of the Muqattam Hills as part of a large defensive system to protect both Cairo to the north and Fustat to the southwest. [120], The first mosque in Egypt was the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As in what was formerly Fustat, the first Arab-Muslim settlement in the area. Compare your options:. The Cairo Geniza is an accumulation of almost 200,000 Jewish manuscripts that were found in the genizah of the Ben Ezra synagogue (built 882) of Fustat, Egypt (now Old Cairo), the Basatin cemetery east of Old Cairo, and a number of old documents that were bought in Cairo in the later 19th century. [72], British troops remained in the country until 1956. Old Cairo, located south of the centre, holds the remnants of Fustat and the heart of Egypt's Coptic Christian community, Coptic Cairo. This was known as al-Askar (the city of sections, or cantonments) as it was laid out like a military camp. 6th of October City, west of Cairo, and New Cairo, east of Cairo, are major urban developments which have been built to accommodate additional growth and development of the Cairo area. But Sánchez, a Socialist leading a left-wing coalition, has said that he wants to turn 2020-2030 into “Spain’s decade in Africa,” with both Angola and Senegal among the top priority countries in his three-year “Focus on Africa” policy drive. Cairo, specifically Ramses Station, is the centre of almost the entire Egyptian transportation network.[103]. One of the most important and lasting institutions founded in the Fatimid period was the Mosque of al-Azhar, founded in 970 AD, which competes with the Qarawiyyin in Fes for the title of oldest university in the world. Cairo (/ˈkaɪroʊ/ KY-roh; Arabic: القاهرة‎, romanized: al-Qāhirah, pronounced [ælˈqɑːhɪɾɑ] (listen), Coptic: ⲕⲁϩⲓⲣⲏ) is the capital and largest city of Egypt. Although the Cairo metropolis extends away from the Nile in all directions, the city of Cairo resides only on the east bank of the river and two islands within it on a total area of 453 square kilometres (175 sq mi). During that time, the construction of the al-Azhar Mosque was commissioned by order of the Caliph, which developed into the third-oldest university in the world. Governorate Cairo is considered a city-proper and functions as a municipality. Tourists who are not familiar with such high levels of pollution must take extra care. [134], Today, Cairo is heavily urbanized and most Cairenes now live in apartment buildings. 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